基于专利的石漠化治理技术分析

石漠化是发生面积仅次于沙漠化的荒漠化类型，已成为中国西南喀斯特山区可持续发展的主要障碍，其治理与恢复是复杂的系统工程。从治理技术层面，以1 159组简单专利族为数据基础，揭示国内石漠化治理技术类别分布和主要领域。在对专利进行简要计量分析以提供概貌认识的基础上，通过阅读专利摘要内容，采用自下而上的聚类方法将当前专利划分为石漠化判断、治理、产业经济3个大类，监测与评价、科研仪器、生物治理、工程治理、化学治理、综合治理、综合产业、农业和工业9个中类，更细分至雨水搜集净化等42个小类。根据专利数量认定的四大主要技术领域为：工程治理（8.63%）、水分利用（12.51%）、栽培种植（27.52%）、植物资源加工（9.67%），占总量的58.33%，专利领域分布相对集中。对主要技术领域采用内容分析法，提取工程治理具体措施、集雨工具、植物、加工制品等的信息并对其进行了详细阐述，指出目前专利技术中的问题：石漠化地区特有的植物资源众多，但目前加工层次偏低，应在拓展加工类型、延长加工产业链条、发掘植物药用和日用价值方面加大研发力度；防止土壤漏失技术、设施农业技术和生命基因技术亟待发展。分析可为全面认识国内石漠化治理技术提供专利视角的参照。     

广州从化地区地质灾害问题及其影响因素分析

广州市从化区地质灾害发生的频度和强度日益增高,对其社会经济发展造成了不良的影响,并对当地的生态环境和人民群众生命财产安全构成了严重的威胁.利用野外调查和统计分析方法,发现该区突发性地质灾害以微、小型的崩塌、滑坡为主,主要发生在4—9月份降水多发期,隐患点险情以中型为主,威胁人数较多,潜在经济损失较大.从化区地质灾害孕育和发生的内在因素为地形地貌、地质构造和地层岩性,外在诱发因素为降雨和人类工程活动,地质灾害的发生与脆弱的地质环境条件、频发的极端天气、影响强烈的人类工程活动密切相关.     

饱和孔隙介质中非均匀震电平面波

采用描述地下流体饱和孔隙介质中弹性波与电磁场耦合现象的Pride方程组,利用Helmholtz分解,求解了非均匀震电耦合平面波解,推导了流体饱和孔隙介质中传播的非均匀震电平面波的能流表达式,讨论了非均匀震电平面波的能量特征.结果表明,非均匀震电平面波的平均能流在传播矢量和衰减矢量构成的平面内传播,伴随电磁场对纵波模式的能流没有贡献.当动电耦合系数为0时,震电平面波的能流表达式可退化为Biot弹性波的能流表达式。     

Soil column infiltration tests on biomediated capillary barrier systems for mitigating rainfall-induced landslides

Rainfall-induced landslide is a common geohazard in tropical and humid regions. Capillary barrier system (CBS) is a popular and widely studied mitigating measure for rainfall-induced landslides. However, several previous studies have shown that the performance of the conventional CBS under intense rainfalls has not been particularly convincing. This paper aims to explore the feasibility and effectiveness of a newly proposed system, known as “biomediated capillary barrier system” (B-CBS) in minimizing water infiltration into soil. A one-dimensional soil column was used to investigate the infiltration characteristics of the proposed system. The results showed that the B-CBS of biomediated residual soil overlying original residual soil (Test IV) could effectively control the infiltration into soil by taking advantage of the less-permeable biomediated soil cover. The B-CBS of biomediated residual soil overlying gravelly sand (Test V) and the three-layered B-CBS of fine sand overlying gravelly sand and biomediated residual soil (Test VI) showed the best performance in terms of minimizing the water infiltration. A suction of about 5 kPa still remained in the soil column after 60 min of infiltration from the ponded water on the soil surface.     

延安地区水泥原料及其开发可行性研究

延安地区中侏罗统安定组中产有陆相泥灰岩,CaO含量低于30％,且SiO_2、MgO含量高,通常不作为水泥原料。上新统三趾马红土中产有层状料僵石,两者搭配首次在φ1.5×6m普立窑中烧制出质量高的425水泥,为水泥原料贫乏的延安地区开发低品位劣质原料开辟了新途径。     

Geochemistry of rare-earth elements in shallow groundwater,northeastern Guangdong Province,China

Shallow groundwater and hot springs were collected from northeastern Guangdong Province, Southeast China, to determine the concentrations and fractionation patterns of rare-earth elements(REE). The results show that the La, Ce and Nd of REEs are abundant in groundwater and rock samples, and the ∑REE contents in groundwater and rock samples range from 126.5 to 2875.3 ng/L, and 79.44 to 385.85 mg/L, respectively. The shallow groundwater has slightly HREE-enriched PAAS-normalized patterns. However, the granitic rocks PAAS-normalized patterns, with remarkable negative Eu anomalies, are different from that of shallow groundwater. The enrichment of HREE is considered to be controlled by REE complexation and readsorption for most groundwater has Ce and Eu positive anomalies. The Ce and Eu anomalies in groundwater are controlled by redox conditions. Moreover, the Fe-contain sediments dissolution and/or the reduction of Fe oxyhydroxides are another factor contributing to Ce anomalies. The Eu anomalies in groundwater are controlled by the preferential mobilization of Eu2+ during water-rock interaction compared to Eu3+.     

陕北风沙区含砾石工程堆积体坡面产流产沙试验

采用室内人工模拟降雨方法,研究了陕北风沙区含砾石工程堆积体边坡的产流产沙过程。结果表明:①砾石存在改变了坡面入渗速率,径流系数受入渗速率的影响,随砾石含量的增加先线性递减后线性递增,并在10%砾石含量处存在阈值;径流系数随降雨强度的增加线性递增。②含砾石堆积体坡面流速较纯土堆积体降低,且随雨强增大,砾石延缓径流流动的作用越显著;雨强对径流流速的影响随砾石含量增加持续减弱。③土壤剥蚀率在产流24~33 min后显著增加,砾石主要对显著增加后的平均剥蚀率产生影响。④雨强1.0 mm/min时,砾石存在促进降雨侵蚀,产沙量增大;雨强大于1.0 mm/min时,砾石具有显著的减沙效应。     

自然构造分离面与饰面板石材的自然块度

本文运用构造地质学中有关节理裂隙、层理和断层等构造面的概念,论述了饰面板石材矿床的地质研究与评价方法,并指出岩石的自然块度、自然块度分级及其计算方法是该项研究的重要内容。此外,该文还论述了矿床开采阶段中各种自然构造分离面的合理应用。     

Seismic multi-arch structures in East China

The deep seismic reflection method has been play-ing an important role in revealing lithospheric struc-tures as well as geodynamic processes within the crustand uppermost mantle[1-3]. After careful analyzing the deep seismic reflection profiles along some of the Mesozoic plutons, the author found that the crustalstructures around these intrusions usually correlate with a special seismic fabric called the seismic multi-arch structure[1]. A seismic multi-arch structure consists of some arch refl…     

预应力锚杆在深基坑围护中的应用

通过工程实例，对深基坑围护中土层锚杆的设计、整体稳定分析作了论述，同时对影响锚杆承载力的因素作了分析。